Improvement in detachable hair curls and apparatus for manufacturing the same



"' JOHN MAYER.

improvement in Detachable Hair Curls.

No. ZQJBS, Patented Dec.26,1871.

I nl

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN MAYER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN DETACHABLE HAIR GURLS AND APPARATUS FUR MANUFACTURING THE SAME.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 122,183, dated December 26, 1871.

Specification describing certain Improvements in the apparatus for manufacturing the same, invented by J oHN MAYER, of the city of lPhiladelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania.

The first part of my invention relates to the production of the detachable long hair curls out of comparatively short curled hair woven into a fringe in the usual well-known manner, of a length about equal to or a little longer than the desired length of the curl, and then the woven edges of two or Amore of said fringes sewed fast to and parallel with the central cord of what is termed a padding, (which is made of cheap or inferior short hair, mohair, or vegetable fiber, in the usual well-known manner,) of sufficient length for the intended length of the curl, and finally brushed spirally around the said padding so as to represent a continuous coil of long hair eX- tending from one end to the other of the padding', by the aid of a sli glitly-taperin g tube, which is open at both its ends and also split longitudinally along one side in such manner that the long padding may be easily drawn along into the tube with the loose border or edge of the attached fringe or fringes of curled hair projecting out through the split, and the ends of the central cord of the padding then attached to respective weights or otherwise secured so as to keep the said cord and padding moderately stretched in place Within the tube while the projecting curled hair of the fringe or fringes is being brushed spirally around the said tube from its larger toward its smaller ends until the coils are smoothly and regularly laid as desired, when the tension-weights are to be detached and the nished curl slipped from the tube. The second part of my invention relates to a modification, in the production of detachable long hair curls out of short curled hair without the separate padding before referred to, by-weaving inferior short l crimped hair, mohair, or vegetable fiber into a fringe, either together with the curled hair which is to form the coils of the long curl or by itself, and then sewing the Woven edges of both together side by side, if made separate, so as to produce a single fringe of the mixed hair, and then drawing the woven edge of the same, together with the whole of the short crimped hair, mohair, or vegetable ber thereon, into the tube, so as to allow` the longer or curled hair of the fringe to project out through the vsplit in the tube in order that it may afterward be coiled around the latter to produce the long curl required, and then slipped off finished, the crimped hair, mohair, or vegetable fiber forming a sufficient padding inside of the curl to keep the coils of the curl in form In either of the two said parts of my invention the tube and hair coils may be kept warm, if it be desired to expedite the ceiling, by an occasional application thereto of any moderately-heated concave plate of metal previously adapted to the curve of the tribe and coils the object of either of the said two parts of my iuvention bein gthe production, from comparatively 'short hair, mohair, or vegetable fiber, of detachable long curls, exclusively of hair, mohair, or vegetable ber, and therefore light and airy, and of any required diameter or length that may be worn, either as suspended curls or in the form of coils7 or plats of several curls for the crown of the head, of beauty and finish equal or superior to the best long hair curls, and at a greatly less cost, and also devoid of any liability to become deranged or to get out of curl by suspension or use. The third part of my invention relates to the split tube and tension weights, constituting together the apparatus required in the production of the said curls or coils, as hereinafter described.

Figures l, 2, and 3 represent, respectively, three sections of the different wovenfringes of hair used in making the curls. Figa is a side view of the split tube, tensive cords, and weights, with the loose edges of two fringes (one of short, the other of longer curled hair) projecting through the split, a third fringe of short crimped hair, mohair, or vegetable fiber, like Fig. 3, supposed to be sewed to the woven edges of the other two fringes and retained inside ofthe said tube, and therefore not shown. Fig. 5 represents the curled hair of either Fig. 4L or 7 as coiled around the tube, and the curl finished and ready to be detached from the tension weights and drawn off the tube. Fig. 6 is the finished long pendent curl, with the cord looped at the upper end of the curl for the purpose of attaching the latter to the head of the wearer. Fig. 7 represents two fringes of curled hair (one of short, the other of longer hair) sewed side by side to a separate padding previously made of short inferior hair, mohair, or vegetable fiber, in the usual manner, to

be drawn into the tube, leaving the loose edges of the fringes to project outside so as to allowof their being subsequently coiled around it, substantially as shown Vin Figs. 4 and 5. Figs. 8 and 9 represent, respectively, the split side and an end View of the tube.

The fringes of hair, Figs. 1, 2, 3, are Woven into connection, respectively, with three Warp threads of any required length in the usual Wellknown manner.

In carrying out the irst part of my invention I take tWo or more of the fringes having unequal lengths of the curled hair, and sew them fast side by side along the central cord A of the padding B, and then draw the said padding into the tube C so as to leavethe loose ends ofthe curled hair projecting outside through the split c of the said tube, apply a Weight, b', at each end of the cord A so as to keep the latter moderately stretched or tense, the tube C being supported in a horizontal position by a vise or otherwise. I then coil the projecting curled hair around the tube in a direction toward the smaller end of the tube (see Fig. 5) by means of a brush, applying occasionally moderate heat to the tube and coils by means of a moderately-heated Vconcave plate of metal, or otherwise when great-er eX- pedition is desired and, finally, I detach the Weights kb by and slip the finished curl, Fig. 6, oif over the smaller end of the tube B.

In carrying out the second part of my invention I provide for a central padding for the curl by a fringe of short inferior crimped hair, n10- hair, or vegetable ber (see Fig. 3) sewed fast to the woven edges of two or more ofthe fringes of curled hair of unequal lengths (see Fig. l) onto one or more of the fringes'of the longer hair alone, (see Fig. 2,) and then drav,r the crimpedhair portion of the united fringes into the tube C so as to leave the curled hair proj ecting through the split c', substantially as represented by Fig. 4; and, finally, I coil the said curled hair around the tube yand draw off the nished curl, as described in the first part of my invention. .The

tube Gis made of sheet metal, and substantially in the form shown by Figs. 8 and 9.

It will be understood, Without further explanation, that a long curl made of short curled hair,.with an interior padding of eithershort, inferior, Astraight hair, or of crimped inferior hair, mohair, or vegetable fiber, will appear as perfect and beautiful (if not more so) as if made entirely of the costly long curled hair; that the said long curl may be made of any required length and diameter and then formed into large coil or into plats of three or more of the curls for the crown of the head, which Will be light and airy; that the coils of the long pendent curl will be prevented from stretching apart by the central cord and woven edges o f theV lfringes; and that the said curls, either pendent or in large icoils or plats, Will be much less costly than those made entirely of long straight or.

curled hair, as heretofore.

I claim as my invention-' Y 1. A long curl having yits coils made of com- -paratively-short jcurled hair, mohair, or vegetable iiber attached to and brushed spirally around a distinct and previously-made padding, B, of

short, straight, inferior hair, mohair, or "vegeta-l ble ber, with a cord, A, fixed longitudinally through its center, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

2. A long curl havingits coils made of comparatively short curled hair, mohair, or vegetable liber, attached to and brushed spirally around the fringe of short crimped hair, mohair, or vegetable ber, substantially as and for `the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

3. The apparatus, consisting of the split tube C, and the cord A and pendent Weights b b or their equivalent tension devices, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

JOHN MAYER. 

